Adjustment of Status vs Consular Processing: How to Choose

Two paths to a green card

Most people obtain permanent residence either by adjusting status in the United States or through consular processing at a US embassy or consulate. The right path depends on where you are, your immigration history, and practical needs like travel and work authorization.

Adjustment of status at a glance

Adjustment of status allows eligible applicants to apply for a green card without leaving the United States.

• File Form I-485 with supporting evidence.
• Attend biometrics and, in many cases, an interview.
• You can usually apply for a work permit and advance parole while the case is pending.

Consular processing at a glance

Consular processing is for applicants outside the United States or those who choose to complete the process abroad.

• An approved petition moves to the National Visa Center.
• You submit civil documents and the DS-260 immigrant visa application.
• You attend an interview at a US consulate and, if approved, enter the United States with an immigrant visa.

Factors to compare

• Location and eligibility: Adjustment of status usually requires lawful entry and eligibility to adjust. Consular processing is the standard route for applicants outside the US.
• Travel: Leaving the US during a pending adjustment case can lead to abandonment unless you have advance parole or another exception.
• Timing: Processing speeds vary by USCIS field office and consular post.
• Risk factors: Certain inadmissibility issues may trigger waiver needs and affect the best path.

A simple decision framework

1. Are you physically in the United States and eligible to adjust? If yes, adjustment may be available.
2. Are you outside the United States or prefer an interview abroad? Consular processing may be the better fit.
3. Do you need to travel soon? Consider how a pending case affects your plans.

How to prepare either path

• Gather civil documents like birth certificates and passports.
• Keep copies of your petition approval notices.
• Plan for the required medical exam and vaccinations.

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This article is general information, not legal advice. Information is current as of Jan 21, 2026. For guidance tailored to your situation, consult an immigration attorney. To plan your next steps, call +1 918 221 9438 or schedule a consultation.